Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: A neuroimmune axis linking S100A8/9 to itch sensitization in both bullous pemphigoid and atopic dermatitis

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100470

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased S100A8/9 expression in the skin and serum of patients with BP and AD. ( a ) Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-S100A8/9 antibody showing the expression of S100A8/9 in keratinocytes and infiltrating inflammatory cells of lesional skin of patients with BP and AD. S100A8/9 expression was not observed in the healthy skin. Scale bar: 100 μm. (b) Quantification of the expression level of S100A8/9. (control, n = 2; BP, n = 5; AD n = 2). Inter-patient heterogeneity of the expression level of S100A8/9 was observed in the BP skin samples, and representative images of both low and high S100A8/9 expression were shown in A. (c) ELISA analysis showing increased S100A8/9 concentrations in the serum of patients with BP. (control, n = 8; BP, n = 16; P = .0087, Mann-Whitney test). Data are reported as mean ± SD. AD, atopic dermatitis; BP, bullous pemphigoid.

Article Snippet: Chemicals used are listed as follows: S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/9 (100 ng/ml, R&D Systems, 9877-S8, 2065-S9, 8916-S8), Bam8-22 (1 μM, custom synthesized by Genscript), and capsaicin (Sigma M2028, 1 μM).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: A neuroimmune axis linking S100A8/9 to itch sensitization in both bullous pemphigoid and atopic dermatitis

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100470

Figure Lengend Snippet: S100A8/9 directly activates small-diameter, nociceptive DRG sensory neurons. ( a ) Representative fluorescent images of cultured DRG sensory neurons isolated from Pirt GCaMP3/+ mice before and after S100A8/9 (100 ng/ml) application. Arrows point to sensory neurons showing increased GCaMP3 fluorescence levels after S100A8/9 application. (b) Histogram showing size distribution of S100A8/9-responsive neurons. (c–e) Representative traces of DRG neurons evoked by indicated chemicals, including S100A8/9 (100 ng/ml), S100A8 (100 ng/ml), S100A9 (100 ng/ml), capsaicin (1 μM), and KCl (75 mM) in a calcium imaging assay. All S100A8/9-sensitive neurons responded to capsaicin and KCl. The majority of S100A8- and S100A9-responsive neurons also responded to S100A8/9. The three different colors (Red, Green, and Blue) represent individual cells in C-E. (f) TAK-242 inhibited S100A8/9-induced calcium responses in sensory neurons. (n = 3 for both groups P = .018, Welch’s t -test). Data are reported as mean ± SD. AD, atopic dermatitis; BP, bullous pemphigoid; DRG, dorsal root ganglia.

Article Snippet: Chemicals used are listed as follows: S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/9 (100 ng/ml, R&D Systems, 9877-S8, 2065-S9, 8916-S8), Bam8-22 (1 μM, custom synthesized by Genscript), and capsaicin (Sigma M2028, 1 μM).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Isolation, Fluorescence, Imaging

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: A neuroimmune axis linking S100A8/9 to itch sensitization in both bullous pemphigoid and atopic dermatitis

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100470

Figure Lengend Snippet: S100A8/9 potentiate histamine-induced itch. ( a ) Subcutaneous injection of S100A8/9 (20 μg/ml) into the nape of the neck of wild-type mice does not induce scratching behavior. (n = 7 for both groups, P = .97, Welch’s t test). (b) Co-injection of S100A8/9 increased histamine (20 mM)-induced scratching behavior. (n = 11 for both groups, P = .038, Welch’s t test). Data are reported as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: Chemicals used are listed as follows: S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/9 (100 ng/ml, R&D Systems, 9877-S8, 2065-S9, 8916-S8), Bam8-22 (1 μM, custom synthesized by Genscript), and capsaicin (Sigma M2028, 1 μM).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: A neuroimmune axis linking S100A8/9 to itch sensitization in both bullous pemphigoid and atopic dermatitis

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100470

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased S100A8/9 expression in the skin and serum of patients with BP and AD. ( a ) Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-S100A8/9 antibody showing the expression of S100A8/9 in keratinocytes and infiltrating inflammatory cells of lesional skin of patients with BP and AD. S100A8/9 expression was not observed in the healthy skin. Scale bar: 100 μm. (b) Quantification of the expression level of S100A8/9. (control, n = 2; BP, n = 5; AD n = 2). Inter-patient heterogeneity of the expression level of S100A8/9 was observed in the BP skin samples, and representative images of both low and high S100A8/9 expression were shown in A. (c) ELISA analysis showing increased S100A8/9 concentrations in the serum of patients with BP. (control, n = 8; BP, n = 16; P = .0087, Mann-Whitney test). Data are reported as mean ± SD. AD, atopic dermatitis; BP, bullous pemphigoid.

Article Snippet: Five-micrometer paraffin sections were collected and stained for immunohistochemistry with anti-S100A8 antibody (1:8000, R&D Systems, MAB4570).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: A neuroimmune axis linking S100A8/9 to itch sensitization in both bullous pemphigoid and atopic dermatitis

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100470

Figure Lengend Snippet: S100A8/9 directly activates small-diameter, nociceptive DRG sensory neurons. ( a ) Representative fluorescent images of cultured DRG sensory neurons isolated from Pirt GCaMP3/+ mice before and after S100A8/9 (100 ng/ml) application. Arrows point to sensory neurons showing increased GCaMP3 fluorescence levels after S100A8/9 application. (b) Histogram showing size distribution of S100A8/9-responsive neurons. (c–e) Representative traces of DRG neurons evoked by indicated chemicals, including S100A8/9 (100 ng/ml), S100A8 (100 ng/ml), S100A9 (100 ng/ml), capsaicin (1 μM), and KCl (75 mM) in a calcium imaging assay. All S100A8/9-sensitive neurons responded to capsaicin and KCl. The majority of S100A8- and S100A9-responsive neurons also responded to S100A8/9. The three different colors (Red, Green, and Blue) represent individual cells in C-E. (f) TAK-242 inhibited S100A8/9-induced calcium responses in sensory neurons. (n = 3 for both groups P = .018, Welch’s t -test). Data are reported as mean ± SD. AD, atopic dermatitis; BP, bullous pemphigoid; DRG, dorsal root ganglia.

Article Snippet: Five-micrometer paraffin sections were collected and stained for immunohistochemistry with anti-S100A8 antibody (1:8000, R&D Systems, MAB4570).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Isolation, Fluorescence, Imaging

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: A neuroimmune axis linking S100A8/9 to itch sensitization in both bullous pemphigoid and atopic dermatitis

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100470

Figure Lengend Snippet: S100A8/9 potentiate histamine-induced itch. ( a ) Subcutaneous injection of S100A8/9 (20 μg/ml) into the nape of the neck of wild-type mice does not induce scratching behavior. (n = 7 for both groups, P = .97, Welch’s t test). (b) Co-injection of S100A8/9 increased histamine (20 mM)-induced scratching behavior. (n = 11 for both groups, P = .038, Welch’s t test). Data are reported as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: Five-micrometer paraffin sections were collected and stained for immunohistochemistry with anti-S100A8 antibody (1:8000, R&D Systems, MAB4570).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Study on the mechanism of action of HuaZhuoKeLi in modulating LCN2-mediated cellular pyroptosis to ameliorate ulcerative colitis

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-45841-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: The target of HZKL in inhibiting cellular pyroptosis in UC is screened. ( A ) Western blot analysis of ZBP1, CD55, S100A8, and LCN2 protein expression in colonic tissues, with GAPDH as a loading control. ( B – E ) Densitometric quantification of protein expression levels shown in ( A ) (mean ± SEM, n = 3 independent biological replicates). ( F – I ) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of ZBP1, CD55, S100A8, and LCN2 mRNA expression levels in colonic tissues (mean ± SEM, n = 3 independent biological replicates). ( J , K ) Immunofluorescence co-localization analysis showing LCN2 (green) with ASC or NLRP3 (red) in colonic tissues; nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Yellow signals indicate co-localization (scale bar: 50 μm). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies utilized included ZO-1 (AF5145, Affinity, USA), Occludin (DF7504, Affinity), ZBP1 (13285-1-AP, Proteintech Group, USA), CD55 (AF5259, Affinity), LCN2 (26991-1-AP, Proteintech), S100A8 (DF6556, Affinity), NLRP3 (DF7438, Affinity), Caspase-1 (HA722222, HUABIO, Hangzhou, China), GSDMD (AF4012, Affinity), ASC (DF6304, Affinity), GSDMD-N (DF13758, Affinity), pro-Caspase-1 (HA722222, HUABIO), and GAPDH (ab181602, Abcam, UK).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Control, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Immunofluorescence, Comparison